Ungayiqala njani ifama yeenkukhu? Ngaba ukhathazeka ngayo xa uceba ukuqala ishishini lefama yokufuya? Nokuba kukuveliswa kwenyama, ukuveliswa kwamaqanda okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zombini ezi zinto, kufuneka wazi imigaqo yokusebenza ishishini lokufuya iinkukhu elinenzuzo. Ukuba akunjalo, ubunzima obungalindelekanga buya kukhokelela ekusileleni kweprojekthi. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda uhlalutye izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Zikuvumela ukuba uqhubele phambili iprojekthi ngokukhawuleza nangokulula.
1. Luhlobo luni lwenkukhu endifanele ndiyifuye?
Inkukhu yenkukhu efuywayo kunye neyenkukhu yenkukhu eneenkuku zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zayo. Nokuba ingenza imali ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkukhu, iindlela zokuzalisa kunye neemeko zemarike. Sicebisa ukuba abalimi baphande ngemarike yasekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokuba balime.
1.1 Yeyiphi engcono ukulima iinkukhu okanye iileya?
Umjikelo wokuzala kweenkukhu ezizalelayo ziintsuku ezingama-700. Iinkukhu ezizalelayo ziqala ukubeka amaqanda kwiintsuku ezili-120, zinezibonelelo zexesha elide kunye nokumelana nezifo okunamandla.
Umjikelo wokondla iinkukhu zenkukhu uthatha iintsuku ezingama-30-45, nto leyo enokunceda ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukumelana nezifo kubuthathaka.
Singabala imali engenayo kunye nemveliso ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso engingqi yamaqanda kunye nenkukhu.
1.2 Ziziphi iindlela zokufuya iinkukhu?
Inkqubo yekheji yenkukhu yebhetri ezenzekelayo:
Indlu yenkukhu isebenzisa inkqubo yebhetri ezenzekelayo yekheji yenkukhu. Yonke le nkqubo ingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo ukususela ekutyeni, ekuseleni, ekucoceni umgquba, ekuqokeleleni amaqanda, ekuvuneni iintaka, ekulawuleni okusingqongileyo, njl. Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuzalisa. Kukho amanqanaba ama-3-12 okonga umhlaba omninzi. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lokutya ukuqinisekisa intuthuzelo yeenkukhu kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo.
Inkqubo yokondla ngokuzenzekelayo iphucula umlinganiselo wokondla-iqanda kunye nomlinganiselo wokondla-inyama (2:1KG kunye ne-1.4:1KG). Unganciphisa iindleko zokulahla ukutya kunye nokuzala. Indlu yeenkukhu ayichukumisi umgquba kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nokufuma. Indawo yokutya ekhuselekileyo nekhululekileyo iya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendlu yeenkukhu.
Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezizenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo zifuna amandla asekuhlaleni ukuze zihlale zizinzile. Ukuba amandla awazinzanga, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezizenzekelayo kwaye wongeze iijenereyitha ukuze ufumane amava azenzekelayo.
Inkqubo yomgangatho wenkukhu ezenzekelayo:
Xa kuthelekiswa nekheji yenkukhu ye-broiler ezenzekelayo, inkqubo yomgangatho ifuna utyalo-mali oluphantsi lokuqala. Inokwenza ukondla ngokuzenzekelayo, ukusela kunye nokucoca umgquba. Nangona kunjalo, ayinayo i-automation yeentaka ezenzekelayo esindisa abasebenzi abaninzi. Inkqubo yomgangatho ifuna umhlaba omkhulu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuzala kuphantsi kunekheji yenkukhu yebhetri. Umlinganiselo wokutya-kwinyama unokufikelela kwi-16:1KG. Ikheji yenkukhu yebhetri yi-1.4:1KG.
Uluhlu olukhululekileyo:
Utyalo-mali lokuqala luphantsi kwaye indawo yokusebenza inkulu. Inyama yenkukhu namaqanda zikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ixabiso liphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo kuphantsi. kwaye kuyimfuneko ukwazi imfuno yemarike yasekuhlaleni yenkukhu namaqanda asemgangathweni ophezulu kwangaphambili.
2. Ungathengisa njani amaqanda, iinkukhu kunye nezinye iimveliso ngokukhawuleza?
Umthengi ophakathi
Le yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthengisa. Ixabiso lokuthengisa nalo lelona liphantsi, kuba abathengi abaphakathi kusafuneka bafumane umahluko. Nangona lincinci ekuqaleni, inzuzo iya kuba nkulu ukuba intengiso ingaphezulu.
umnini wevenkile yeenkukhu kwimarike yabalimi
Le yitshaneli ethengiswa kakhulu. Uza kusayina isivumelwano nevenkile, uze emva koko uhambise yonke imihla ngokuhambelana nohlobo kunye nobungakanani beodolo. Intengiso iqinisekisiwe.
Isebe lokutya okutsha kunye neendawo zokutyela zeevenkile ezinkulu
Banokuvunyelwa ukuba batyelele ifama yeenkukhu, nto leyo enokukhuthaza intsebenziswano ngcono. Nje ukuba ubudlelwane bumiselwe, imakethi iya kuzinza kakhulu.
Intengiso kwi-intanethi
Imidiya yoluntu inamandla kakhulu. Ingaphula imida yexesha nendawo. Singapapasha ulwazi olufanelekileyo nge-Intanethi, ukuze sitsale abathengi ukuba bathenge.
Abalimi kufuneka basebenzise amaqonga eendaba zoluntu, afana ne-Facebook, i-Twitter, i-Instagram, i-Pinterest, njl. Ezi sayithi ziindawo ezilungileyo zokukhuthaza iimveliso.
Ivenkile yakho
Iifama ezininzi zeenkukhu zineevenkile zazo kwaye ziseka iimpawu zazo. Emva kokuba udumo lwentengiso lubonakalisiwe, kuya kubakho abathengi abaninzi.
Singabala imali engenayo kunye nemveliso ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso engingqi yamaqanda kunye nenkukhu.
1.2 Ziziphi iindlela zokufuya iinkukhu?
Inkqubo yekheji yenkukhu yebhetri ezenzekelayo:
Indlu yenkukhu isebenzisa inkqubo yebhetri ezenzekelayo yekheji yenkukhu. Yonke le nkqubo ingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo ukususela ekutyeni, ekuseleni, ekucoceni umgquba, ekuqokeleleni amaqanda, ekuvuneni iintaka, ekulawuleni okusingqongileyo, njl. Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuzalisa. Kukho amanqanaba ama-3-12 okonga umhlaba omninzi. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lokutya ukuqinisekisa intuthuzelo yeenkukhu kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo.
Inkqubo yokondla ngokuzenzekelayo iphucula umlinganiselo wokondla-iqanda kunye nomlinganiselo wokondla-inyama (2:1KG kunye ne-1.4:1KG). Unganciphisa iindleko zokulahla ukutya kunye nokuzala. Indlu yeenkukhu ayichukumisi umgquba kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nokufuma. Indawo yokutya ekhuselekileyo nekhululekileyo iya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendlu yeenkukhu.
Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezizenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo zifuna amandla asekuhlaleni ukuze zihlale zizinzile. Ukuba amandla awazinzanga, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezizenzekelayo kwaye wongeze iijenereyitha ukuze ufumane amava azenzekelayo.
Inkqubo yomgangatho wenkukhu ezenzekelayo:
Xa kuthelekiswa nekheji yenkukhu ye-broiler ezenzekelayo, inkqubo yomgangatho ifuna utyalo-mali oluphantsi lokuqala. Inokwenza ukondla ngokuzenzekelayo, ukusela kunye nokucoca umgquba. Nangona kunjalo, ayinayo i-automation yeentaka ezenzekelayo esindisa abasebenzi abaninzi. Inkqubo yomgangatho ifuna umhlaba omkhulu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuzala kuphantsi kunekheji yenkukhu yebhetri. Umlinganiselo wokutya-kwinyama unokufikelela kwi-16:1KG. Ikheji yenkukhu yebhetri yi-1.4:1KG.
Uluhlu olukhululekileyo:
Utyalo-mali lokuqala luphantsi kwaye indawo yokusebenza inkulu. Inyama yenkukhu namaqanda zikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ixabiso liphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo kuphantsi. kwaye kuyimfuneko ukwazi imfuno yemarike yasekuhlaleni yenkukhu namaqanda asemgangathweni ophezulu kwangaphambili.
3. Misela isixa-mali sotyalo-mali
Ukuba unemali eyaneleyo, ungalungiselela ngoko nangoko. Ukuba akunjalo, ungacela uncedo kwisebe lezolimo okanye kumbutho karhulumente wengingqi.
Ungaqwalasela isaziso sesebe lezolimo, uze uqalise ukufaka isicelo. Imali mboleko yeefama zeenkukhu inokunceda abalimi ukuba baqhube amashishini abo ngokufanelekileyo.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana izibonelelo zikarhulumente kwifama yakho yeenkukhu kukuhamba njengeqela. Ungajoyina iqela labalimi beenkukhu okanye wenze elinye kwindawo okuyo; ngaloo ndlela, kuya kuba lula ukufumana ingqalelo karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, usenokufumana izibonelelo zikarhulumente kwishishini lakho lokufuya iinkukhu njengomntu ngamnye ukuba uthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Amanye amanyathelo acetyiswayo omawuwathathe aquka:
Amanyathelo ali-9 okufumana isibonelelo sikarhulumente kwifama yakho yeenkukhu
☆ Jonga isicwangciso senkxaso-mali sikarhulumente
Urhulumente ngamanye amaxesha uzisa izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Ungakhangela izibhengezo ezivela kwiSebe lezoLimo lasekuhlaleni. Ungakhangela neenkqubo zokuxhasa ngemali ezivela kwezinye iiarhente zikarhulumente kwi-Intanethi.
☆ Amanye amaziko ophando kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente
Enye indlela yokufumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente kukusebenzisa amaziko ophando okanye amanye amaziko asebenzisana norhulumente. Ezi nkampani zihlala zinceda abalimi. Ungafaneleka ukufumana inkxaso-mali phantsi kwenye yezi nkqubo.
☆ Chonga iimfuno zefama yakho
Kufuneka kuboniswe urhulumente ukuba uyayidinga ngokwenene le mali. Ukuba uyayinikwa, iya kusetyenziswa kakuhle.
☆ Bhala isindululo
Eli lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo ekufuneka ulithathe. Ukuba ungenza isindululo esihle, amathuba akho okufumana inkxaso-mali aya kunyuka ngama-50%.
☆ Zibekele usukelo olunokwenzeka
Musa ukuzibekela iinjongo ezingenakwenzeka. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ibonakala ingenakwenzeka, isicelo sakho sisenokungavunywa.
☆ Bala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali
Kufuneka ubhale zonke iindleko ngokufanelekileyo. Musa ukungazinaki naziphi na iindleko. Umzekelo, iindleko zothutho lwezinto ezithengiweyo mazifakwe. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa nabani na ophonononga isicelo sakho. Uyazi kakuhle into oyifunayo kwaye ungayilawula ngokufanelekileyo nayiphi na imali oyinikwayo.
☆ Yenza uphando lwemarike
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kufuneka uqonde amaxabiso angoku ezixhobo nezixhobo. Musa ukuqikelela nje ixabiso lezinto, kuba kunokubangela ukuba isicelo sakho singamkelwa. Kufuneka wazi amaxabiso angoku emarike yezinto ezifunekayo kwishishini lakho.
☆ Ngenisa isicelo
Xa uqinisekile ukuba ubhale isindululo esilungileyo, ungafumana ingcali eza kukuhlola ize ikwenzele iingcebiso. Musa nje ukufaka isicelo sakho senkxaso-mali uze uye kulala ekhaya. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ukulungele ngokupheleleyo oku. Funda esi sindululo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unolwazi olwaneleyo. Oku kunokwenza urhulumente akholelwe ukuba unako ukusebenzisa imali ngokufanelekileyo.
☆ Sebenzisa imali yakho kakuhle
Ukuba unethamsanqa lokufumana inkxaso-mali, musa ukuyisebenzisa imali ukuthenga imoto okanye ukuya ekhefini. Qiniseka ukuba uyisebenzisa kakuhle ukuze amathuba akho okufumana izibonelelo kwixesha elizayo ande.
4. Uza kuyikhetha njani indawo efanelekileyo yeprojekthi yeenkukhu?
4.1 Indawo mayibe kwindawo ende, eyomileyo, nengangenisi amanzi.
Ukuba ukwindawo ethe tyaba, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ephakamileyo enethambeka elincinci emazantsi okanye emazantsi-mpuma. Ukuba ukwindawo enentaba neenduli, kufuneka ukhethe ithambeka elisezantsi, elinotyekelo olungaphantsi kwama-20 degrees. Indawo enjalo ilungele ukukhupha amanzi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. Kushushu ebusika kwaye kupholile ehlotyeni. Okokugqibela, kungcono ukuba nedama leentlanzi kwindawo leyo ukuze kusetyenziswe amanzi amdaka, ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo.
4.2 Indawo mayibe ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezi-3 ukusuka kwilali
Xa ukhulisa iinkukhu, indawo kufuneka ibe kude neelali kunye needolophu. Oku kunokuthintela ukosuleleka okubangelwa kukwahlulwa kwezifo kwaye kunciphise ukusasazeka kwazo.
4.3 Indawo mayibe lula ukuthuthwa
Nangona indawo kufuneka ibe kude neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi, uthutho kufuneka lube lula. Ngaphandle koko, uthutho lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo luya kuba nzima. Kuya kufuneka ulumke ungakhi ifama ecaleni kwendlela. Ayilungele ukuthintela izifo. Indawo ineendlela zothutho, kodwa ikude neendlela eziphambili zezithuthi.
4.4 Ukukhethwa kwendawo kufuneka kuqinisekise umthombo wamanzi kunye nomgangatho wawo
Ukukhethwa kwendawo kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba umthombo wamanzi okufutshane wanele kwaye umgangatho wamanzi ulungile. Kungcono ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yamanzi okusela. Ukuba umgangatho wamanzi awulungile, kufuneka ufake izixhobo zokucoca amanzi ukuze ulungise umgangatho wamanzi. Olu tyalo-mali lubiza kakhulu. Ukufumana amanzi asemgangathweni kwasekuqaleni kuya konga ixesha nomgudu.
4.5 Indlela indlu yenkukhu ebekwe ngayo mayibe ntle kwaye ingenise umoya owaneleyo
Ukucwangcisa okulungileyo akupheleli nje ekuphepheni iingozi nokwenza inkqubo yokuzalisa ikhuseleke, kodwa kukwasindisa abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, kunciphise izifo kwaye kwandise ingeniso. Ukucwangcisa okulungileyo kuquka uyilo lwesiza, ukwakhiwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu zeenkukhu.
Abanye abalimi baxelisa izindlu zeenkukhu zamafama amadala ukuze bakhe indlu entsha. Abaqondi indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo kunye neendlela zokwakha indlu yeenkukhu. Indlu yeenkukhu ayihambelani nomkhwa wokukhula kwenkukhu, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezininzi kwinkqubo yokuzalisa kwaye yonyusa ubunzima bolawulo.
Uyilo lokungenisa umoya olungafanelekanga yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu bendlu yeenkukhu bungazinzi. Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu okanye obuphantsi kakhulu buya kubangela impendulo yoxinzelelo okanye bulahleke ngqo kwinkukhu.
Indawo kunye noyilo lwendlu yenkukhu luqulethe ulwazi oluninzi lobuchwephesha. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufumane injineli enobuchule okanye umthengisi wezixhobo oza kuyila. Umthengisi othembekileyo kufuneka abe neqela loyilo elinobuchule. Singahlola nobungcali bomthengisi ngokunxibelelana kwangaphambili kwaye sithintele ubungakanani obungafanelekanga bezixhobo kunye nezindlu zenkukhu.
5. Ukuveliswa kunye nokufakelwa
Ukuba ukulungele, ndiyakuhalalisela, uza kuqala ishishini lakho lokufuya. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele inkqubela phambili yeprojekthi. Abalimi abaninzi bayalibaziseka ngenxa yokuhanjiswa nokufakwa kweprojekthi, nto leyo echaphazela ingeniso yeprojekthi. Kuya kuba kubi kakhulu ukuba ubolekwe imali.
Ngokubanzi, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zenziwa iintsuku ezili-15-30, iintsuku ezili-15-90 zokuthutha kunye neentsuku ezingama-30-60 zokufakelwa. Ukuba iprojekthi ihambe kakuhle, amantshontsho aza kungena endlwini emva kweentsuku ezingama-60. Ungacwangcisa ixesha lokuqala iprojekthi ngokobukhulu beprojekthi. Kucetyiswa ukuba wongeze iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuze uphephe ezinye izinto ezibangela ukulibaziseka kwexesha.
Kakade ke, injongo kukuba kufuneka ufumane umthengisi othembekileyo. Ungamjonga umthengisi kule mibuzo mithandathu.
① Indawo yokusebenzela inkulu kune-10,000 square metres, kwaye olu hlobo lophawu luyaziwa kakhulu. Iimpawu ezaziwayo zithembeke ngakumbi.
② Baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yamava emveliso. Ukuhlaziya nokuphucula iimveliso rhoqo kuyimfuneko. Qinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye noyilo lwayo.
③ Kufuneka amava amaninzi okufuya kunye namava eprojekthi kumazwe amaninzi. Oku kungasinika iingcebiso zobungcali ezifanelekileyo kwimozulu yasekuhlaleni.
④ Bayakwazi ukubonelela ngokufakelwa kunye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza kwindawo. Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zethu zingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
⑤ Banokubonelela ngoqeqesho lokusebenzisa izixhobo. Masikwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngobuchule kwaye siqinisekise ingeniso yokuzala.
⑥ Ungabuza nezikhokelo zolawulo lwefama yeenkukhu. Ukuba awunawo amava aneleyo ekuzaleni izixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo, kufuneka sibe nesikhokelo solawulo esineenkcukacha. Masenze imali engakumbi ngamava okukhulisa ngempumelelo.
Ulawulo lweefama zeenkukhu ludla ngokubhekisa kwiindlela zokukhulisa okanye iindlela zokuvelisa ezinceda ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Iindlela zokulawula ezichanekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso. Ulawulo lweefama zeenkukhu lwenzululwazi lujolise ekufumaneni imbuyekezo eninzi ngotyalo-mali oluncinci.
Ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo ekugxilwe kuzo zezi zilandelayo:
① Indlu yenkukhu kunye nezixhobo
② Inkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo
③ Ifomula yokutya kwenkukhu
④ Ukuzalisa intshontsho losana
⑤ Ukuzaliswa kweentaka ezindala
⑥ Ukondla nokulawula inkukhu ebeka amaqanda
⑦ Ulawulo lokutya iinkukhu zenkukhu
⑧ Ukhuseleko lococeko kunye nokuthintela ubhubhane
⑨ Jonga indlu yeenkukhu nangaliphi na ixesha
Khetha uhlobo ofuna ukulukhulisa, fumana indawo efanelekileyo yefama yakho, kwaye uqale ishishini lakho ngoko nangoko! Yiba neshishini elihle.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-10-2021
